Scrotum is a sac-like structure that is seen hanging behind the penis. It holds two very important organs, the testicles that do the job of sperm synthesis for reproduction. Although the scrotum is made up of thick tough skin, it is susceptible to quite a few health issues, one of the most common being scrotal swelling. Scrotal swelling that is marked by inflammation of the scrotum can cause moderate to severe pain. The swelling that increases the size and volume of the scrotum, has often been associated with hernia. It is discussed below: Causes Inguinal Hernia Inguinal means related to the groin area. In this condition the tissues of the small intestine (upper abdominal area) get displaced from their normal position and are seen protruding through the weaker sections of the muscles belonging to the lower abdominal area. Generally the protrusion due to this type of hernia, is observed in the groin area. In most cases, these protruding tissues do not remain restricted in the groin area, as some of these tissues move into the scrotum, which may lead to scrotal swelling, especially after lifting heavy objects. Epididymitis When the epididymis gets inflamed, the condition is referred to as epididymitis. The epididymis is a curved tube-like structure in the scrotum found behind each testicle. The epididymis travels from the testicles and ends at the vas deferens, another tubular structure, that hold the sperm. The main function of epididymitis is to collect the sperms from the source of production (testicles) and pass it on to vas deferens, where they are finally ejaculated. The inflammation of the epidymis, can trigger unbearable discomfort in the scrotum. The inflamed epidymis, may be the result of an injury to the scrotum or a bacterial infection of the urinary tract system, that eventually targets the scrotal area. Epididymitis can also occur if the person is suffering from a sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. It is frequently diagnosed in people who are in the age group of 18-36. Orchitis In this condition, the testicles that lay protected in the scrotum become inflamed. The inflammation of the testicles can be due to a bacterial or a viral infection. In most cases, both the testicles are involved, however even if one testicle is swollen, it can cause a considerable amount of pain. People who frequently suffer from a urinary tract infection (UTI) or are more than 45 years old are susceptible to this condition. Surgery People who have undergone an inguinal hernia surgery may also experience pain for a few weeks. The incisions made in the groin area to pull back the protruding intestinal tissues to their normal position, can affect the scrotum and cause swelling, which may last approximately for 3 to 8 months. Treatment for this medical condition depends upon the underlying cause. However, in order to reduce the pain, gently rubbing an ice pack is helpful in this regard. Other precautions such as wearing comfortably fitting underwear, less physical activity and temporary stopping any form of cardiovascular exercise such as running or lifting weights, is necessary, to reduce the swelling and the pain. In case of epididymitis that is the result of urinary tract infections, antibiotics and painkillers may be prescribed. Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is solely for educating the reader. It is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a medical expert.