Chestnut is an essential nut crop of the North Temperate Zone. It has been grown in China, Japan, Korea, and the Mediterranean region since a long period. The Japanese chestnut has been cropped since the 11th century, the Chinese chestnut for 6000 years and the Mediterranean region since 3000 years. It is believed that the Greeks first cultivated the European chestnut in Europe. Chestnuts are unique tree nuts of the genus Castanea of various species of deciduous trees. They are of rich dark brown color and covered within a prickly husk in the tree. The nuts are only available seasonally, i.e. autumns and winters, and are therefore considered as winter food. There are many varieties of chestnuts available. The most popular ones are the European and Asian. Chestnuts can be eaten in many ways, which makes them stand out from most other nuts. Chestnuts in the raw form can be roasted, steamed, boiled, deep-fried, or microwaved. When chestnuts are dried, they can be boiled or made into a flour to make a variety of baked stuff. Chestnut flour can be used instead of almond flour, wheat-based flour or all-purpose flour in recipes calling for it. Chestnut flour is very different from almond flour, hazelnut flour or others. It is a great flour to work with and has a variety of uses in both sweet and savory dishes. Unlike most other nut flours, which are fatty, they are starchy and low in fat. They are also gluten-free, cholesterol-free, a good source of carbohydrates, fibers, and vitamin C. They also contain vitamins D, E, K, and B6 and 12 and Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids. According to studies, chestnut flour contains high amounts of vital fatty acids that are useful for the cardiovascular function and development of the nervous system in infants. The flour can be used to thicken sauces, and make bread, pancakes, sponge cakes, dumplings, fritters, soups, muffins, pie crust, cakes, pasta, and polenta. Chestnuts have been an important source of food in Chinese, Korean, Japanese and the Mediterranean cultures. It has been cultivated for many years in China and Europe.