list of nobel prize winners in chemistry
List of Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences annually awards the Nobel Prize to scientists, who have made valuable contributions in the field of chemistry. Here are the scientists, who find their names in the esteemed list of winners.
"It is my earnest desire that some of you should carry on this scientific work and keep for your ambition the determination to make a permanent contribution to science." - Marie Curie
Alfred Nobel, the inventor of 'Dynamite', was the mastermind behind starting Nobel Prizes to honor the great achievements in some subjects, chemistry being one of them. While signing his last will and testament on November 27, 1895, he kept a large share of his fortune for Nobel Prizes. Since the year 1901, Nobel Prizes are being awarded, and each award consists of a personal diploma, a medal, and cash prize.
From 1901 to 2012, a total 105 awards have been awarded, of which 63 have been given to one laureate, 23 have been shared by two laureates, and 19 by three laureates. Since the Nobel Prize started, in all 166 honorees in the field of Chemistry have been awarded till date. Frederick Sanger was the only one to receive this honor twice; so a total of 165 individuals have received this award for their extraordinary work. Check out the following list of Nobel laureates, who have been bestowed with this honor.
INDEX
List of Laureates
1901
Name - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Country - Netherlands
Awarded for - Discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions1902
Name - Hermann Emil Fischer
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on sugar and purine synthesis1903
Name - Svante August Arrhenius
Country - Sweden
Awarded for - Electrolytic theory of dissociation1904
Name - Sir William Ramsay
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Discovery of inert gaseous elements in air and their places in the periodic table1905
Name - Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds1906
Name - Henri Moissan
Country - France
Awarded for - Isolation of fluorine element1907
Name - Eduard Buchner
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Discovery of cell-free fermentation1908
Name - Ernest Rutherford
Country - New Zealand/United Kingdom
Awarded for - Investigations into the disintegration of the elements, chemistry of radioactive substances1909
Name - Wilhelm Ostwald
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on catalysis and investigations into the fundamental principles bearing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction1910
Name - Otto Wallach
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on alicyclic compounds1911
Name - Marie Curie
Country - Poland/France
Awarded for - Discovery of radium and polonium1912
Name - Victor Grignard
Country - France
Awarded for - Discovery of the Grignard reagent1912
Name - Paul Sabatier
Country - France
Awarded for - Method of hydrogenating organic compounds1913
Name - Alfred Werner
Country - Switzerland
Awarded for - Work on the linkage of atoms in molecules1914
Name - Theodore William Richards
Country - United States
Awarded for - Determination of atomic weight of many chemical elements1915
Name - Richard Martin Willstätter
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Research on plant pigments - chlorophyll1918
Name - Fritz Haber
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Synthesis of ammonia1920
Name - Walther Hermann Nernst
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work in thermochemistry1921
Name - Frederick Soddy
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes1922
Name - Francis William Aston
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Discovery of mass spectrograph and enunciation of whole-number rule1923
Name - Fritz Pregl
Country - Austria
Awarded for - Invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic compounds1925
Name - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
Country - Hungary/Germany
Awarded for - Demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions1926
Name - Theodor Svedberg
Country - Sweden
Awarded for - Work on disperse systems1927
Name - Heinrich Otto Wieland
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances1928
Name - Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Research into the constitutions of the sterols and connections with vitamins1929
Name - Sir Arthur Harden
Country - United Kingdom
Name - Hans von Euler-Chelpin
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Investigation on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes1930
Name - Hans Fischer
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Research into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll1931
Name - Friedrich Bergius
Name - Carl Bosch
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Invention and development of chemical high pressure methods1932
Name - Irving Langmuir
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry1934
Name - Harold Clayton Urey
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of heavy hydrogen1935
Name - Jean Frédéric Joliot
Name - Iréne Joliot-Curie
Country - France
Awarded for - Synthesis of new radioactive elements1936
Name - Peter Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
Country - Netherlands
Awarded for - Investigation on dipole moments, diffraction of X-ray, and electrons in gases1937
Name - Walter Norman Haworth
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C1937
Name - Paul Karrer
Country - Switzerland
Awarded for - Investigations on carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins A and B21938
Name - Richard Kuhn
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on carotenoids and vitamins1939
Name - Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on sex hormones1939
Name - Leopold Ruzicka
Country - Croatia
Awarded for - Work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes1943
Name - George de Hevesy
Country - Hungary
Awarded for - Work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes1944
Name - Otto Hahn
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei1945
Name - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Country - Finland
Awarded for - Research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method1946
Name - Wendell Meredith Stanley
Name - James Batcheller Sumner
Name - John Howard Northrop
Country - United States
Awarded for - Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form1947
Name - Sir Robert Robinson
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Investigations on plant products of biological importance1948
Name - Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
Country - Sweden
Awarded for - Research on electrophoresis1949
Name - William Francis Giauque
Country - United States
Awarded for - Contribution in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behavior of substances at extremely low temperatures1950
Name - Kurt Alder
Name - Otto Paul Hermann Diels
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Discovery and development of the diene synthesis1951
Name - Glenn Theodore Seaborg
Name - Edwin Mattison McMillan
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of transuranium elements1952
Name - Richard Laurence Millington Synge
Name - Archer John Porter Martin
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Invention of partition chromatography1953
Name - Hermann Staudinger
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Discoveries in macromolecular chemistry1954
Name - Linus Carl Pauling
Country - United States
Awarded for - Research into the nature of the chemical bond1955
Name - Vincent du Vigneaud
Country - United States
Awarded for - Work on biochemically important sulfur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone1956
Name - Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
Country - United Kingdom
Name - Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
Country - Russia
Awarded for - Research into the mechanism of chemical reactions1957
Name - Sir Alexander Todd
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes1958
Name - Frederick Sanger
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work on the structure of proteins (specially insulin)1959
Name - Jaroslav Heyrovský
Country - Czech Republic
Awarded for - Discovery of the polarographic method of analysis1960
Name - Willard Frank Libby
Country - United States
Awarded for - Method to use carbon-14 for age determination1961
Name - Melvin Calvin
Country - United States
Awarded for - Research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants1962
Name - Max Ferdinand Perutz
Name - John Cowdery Kendrew
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work on structure of globular proteins1963
Name - Karl Ziegler
Country - Germany
Name - Giulio Natta
Country - Italy
Awarded for - Discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers1964
Name - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances1965
Name - Robert Burns Woodward
Country - United States
Awarded for - Achievements in the art of organic synthesis1966
Name - Robert S. Mulliken
Country - United States
Awarded for - Fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method1967
Name - Manfred Eigen
Country - Germany
Name - George Porter
Country - United Kingdom
Name - Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Studies of extremely fast chemical reactions1968
Name - Lars Onsager
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of the Onsager reciprocal relations1969
Name - Derek H. R. Barton
Country - United Kingdom
Name - Odd Hassel
Country - Norway
Awarded for - Development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry1970
Name - Luis F. Leloir
Country - Argentina
Awarded for - Discovery of sugar nucleotides and its role in biosynthesis of carbohydrates1971
Name - Gerhard Herzberg
Country - Canada
Awarded for - Work on electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals1972
Name - Christian B. Anfinsen
Name - William H. Stein
Name - Stanford Moore
Country - United States
Awarded for - Work on ribonuclease concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation1973
Name - Geoffrey Wilkinson
Country - United Kingdom
Name - Ernst Otto Fischer
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Work on chemistry of the organometallic compounds (so-called sandwich compounds)1974
Name - Paul J. Flory
Country - United States
Awarded for - Fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules1975
Name - Vladimir Prelog
Country - Yugoslavia/Switzerland
Awarded for - Research on stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions1975
Name - John Warcup Cornforth
Country - Australia/United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions1976
Name - William N. Lipscomb
Country - United States
Awarded for - Study on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding1977
Name - Ilya Prigogine
Country - Belgium
Awarded for - Contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures1978
Name - Peter D. Mitchell
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work on biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory1979
Name - Georg Wittig
Country - Germany
Name - Herbert C. Brown
Country - United States
Awarded for - Development and use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds1980
Name - Paul Berg
Country - United States
Awarded for - Study of the biochemistry of nucleic acids regarding recombinant-DNA1980
Name - Walter Gilbert
Country - United States
Name - Frederick Sanger
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Work concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids1981
Name - Roald Hoffmann
Country - United States
Name - Kenichi Fukui
Country - Japan
Awarded for - Theories concerning the course of chemical reactions1982
Name - Aaron Klug
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Development of crystallographic electron microscopy1983
Name - Henry Taube
Country - Canada/United States
Awarded for - Work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes1984
Name - Robert Bruce Merrifield
Country - United States
Awarded for - Methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix1985
Name - Herbert A. Hauptman
Name - Jerome Karle
Country - United States
Awarded for - Developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures1986
Name - Dudley R. Herschbach
Country - United States
Name - Yuan T. Lee
Country - United States/Taiwan
Name - John C. Polanyi
Country - Canada/Hungary
Awarded for - Contribution concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes1987
Name - Charles J. Pedersen
Country - United States
Name - Jean-Marie Lehn
Country - France
Name - Donald J. Cram
Country - United States
Awarded for - Development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity1988
Name - Robert Huber
Name - Hartmut Michel
Name - Johann Deisenhofer
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction center1989
Name - Sidney Altman
Country - Canada/United States
Name - Thomas R. Cech
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of catalytic properties of RNA1990
Name - Elias James Corey
Country - United States
Awarded for - Theory of organic synthesis1991
Name - Richard R. Ernst
Country - Switzerland
Awarded for - Methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy1992
Name - Rudolph A. Marcus
Country - Canada/United States
Awarded for - Theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems1993
Name - Michael Smith
Country - Canada/United Kingdom
Awarded for - Establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis1993
Name - Kary B. Mullis
Country - United States
Awarded for - Invention of the polymerase chain reaction method1994
Name - George A. Olah
Country - United States/Hungary
Awarded for - Contribution to carbocation chemistry1995
Name - Paul J. Crutzen
Country - Netherlands
Awarded for - Work in atmospheric chemistry concerning formation and decomposition of ozone1995
Name - Mario J. Molina
Country - Mexico/United States
Name - F. Sherwood Rowland
Country - United States
Awarded for - Work in atmospheric chemistry concerning formation and decomposition of ozone1996
Name - Robert F. Curl Jr.
Name - Richard E. Smalley
Country - United States
Name - Sir Harold W. Kroto
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Discovery of fullerenes1997
Name - Paul D. Boyer
Country - United States
Name - John E. Walker
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate1997
Name - Jens C. Skou
Country - Denmark
Awarded for - First discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase1998
Name - Walter Kohn
Country - United States
Awarded for - Development of the density-functional theory1998
Name - John A. Pople
Country - United Kingdom
Awarded for - Development of computational methods in quantum chemistry1999
Name - Ahmed Zewail
Country - Egypt/United States
Awarded for - Study of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy2000
Name - Alan J. Heeger
Country - United States
Name - Alan G. MacDiarmid
Country - New Zealand/United States
Name - Hideki Shirakawa
Country - Japan
Awarded for - Discovery and development of conductive polymers2001
Name - William S. Knowles
Country - United States
Name - Ryōji Noyori
Country - Japan
Name - K. Barry Sharpless
Country - United States
Awarded for - Work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions2002
Name - John B. Fenn
Country - United States
Name - Koichi Tanaka
Country - Japan
Awarded for - Development of soft desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometric analyzes of biological macromolecules2002
Name - Kurt Wüthrich
Country - Switzerland
Awarded for - Development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution2003
Name - Peter Agre
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of water channels - aquaporins2003
Name - Roderick MacKinnon
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes, studies of ion channels2004
Name - Aaron Ciechanover
Country - Israel
Name - Irwin Rose
Country - United States
Name - Avram Hershko
Country - Israel
Awarded for - Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation2005
Name - Yves Chauvin
Country - France
Name - Robert H. Grubbs
Country - United States
Name - Richard R. Schrock
Country - United States
Awarded for - Development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis2006
Name - Roger D. Kornberg
Country - United States
Awarded for - Study of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcriptions2007
Name - Gerhard Ertl
Country - Germany
Awarded for - Study of chemical processes on solid surfaces2008
Name - Osamu Shimomura
Country - Japan
Name - Martin Chalfie
Country - United States
Name - Roger Y. Tsien
Country - United States
Awarded for - Discovery of the green fluorescent protein2009
Name - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Name - Thomas A. Steitz
Country - United States
Name - Ada E. Yonath
Country - Israel
Awarded for - Study of the structure and function of ribosome2010
Name - Richard F. Heck
Country - United States
Name - Ei-ichi Negishi
Country - China/United States
Name - Akira Suzuki
Country - Japan
Awarded for - Work on palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis2011
Name - Dan Shechtman
Country - Israel
Awarded for - Discovery of quasicrystals2012
Name - Robert Lefkowitz
Name - Brian Kobilka
Country - United States
Awarded for - Study of G-protein-coupled receptors2013
Name - Martin Karplus
Country - United States/Austria
Name - Michael Levitt
Country - United Kingdom/United States/Israel
Name - Arieh Warshel
Country - United States/Israel
Awarded for - The development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems.2014
Name - Eric Betzig
Name - Moerner, William E.
Name - Stefan Hell
Country - United States, United States and Germany respectively
Awarded for - Development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.2015
Name - Tomas Lindahl
Name - Paul L. Modrich
Name - Aziz Sancar
Country - Sweden, United States and Turkey respectively
Awarded for - Mechanistic studies of DNA repair.