On 11^th September 2001, the United States experienced one of the largest terrorist attacks on its soil, which killed at least 3,000 people and injured more than 6,000. It also caused damage worth at least USD 10 billion, including property, buildings, and other constructions. According to news reports, the Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda planned this attack that took place in three different locations: World Trade Center in New York City; Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia; and in Washington D.C. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four passenger airplanes for the attacks, and according to media sources, the whole plan was masterminded by the group's leader Osama bin Laden. Two planes, United Airlines Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Center Towers. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the western side of the Pentagon, which is the Headquarters of the Department of Defense. The fourth flight, United Airlines Flight 93, was initially directed towards Washington D.C., but went down in a meadow at Shanksville in Pennsylvania. Subsequent to these destructive incidences, media coverage and rescue operations increased further. Commercial flights from the US to Canada and vice-versa were also canceled. The WTC crashes had a damaging effect on the surrounding buildings, like the Marriott Hotel, 4 WTC, 6 WTC, 5 WTC (in all, seven surrounding buildings were affected). Rescue and relief given was fast enough, and on the same day following the crashes, orders were given to shoot down any plane that behaved suspiciously. Monetary relief and donations from charity organizations and otherwise were also received for the aid of the victims. The terrorist attacks were condemned by the nation shortly after they took place, along with other countries showing their support. Many middle-eastern countries too denounced the act, including Afghanistan. Hate crimes against Middle-Eastern origin and Asian-origin people began to rise a lot, like murders, thievery, arson, etc., after September 11. Several bank accounts thought to belong to terrorists were closed down. On the International front, USA strengthened its stand against terrorism, and continued deploying troops in Afghanistan to combat the terrorists. This can be said to be one of the direct effects of the September 11 attacks, as the British also joined forces with the US army in the War of Afghanistan. The war that was waged against Iraq can also be considered to be one of the effects of these attacks. Regarding health effects, the toxins that arose because of the crashes were responsible for many deaths due to asphyxiation, and air quality in the immediate surroundings worsened a lot. Many pregnant woman gave birth to premature babies, and some were even stillborn. On an average, more than 15,000 individuals are known to have developed a variety of illnesses due to these attacks. In case of effects on the economy, the stock markets were closed till 17^th September, and the losses were pegged at more than USD 1 trillion. More than 4,00,000 jobs were lost, and New York City's GDP decreased considerably. The entire American airspace was closed for many days, and after it started, the traffic situation worsened drastically. Following the attacks, several memorials were built in the honor of all the people who lost their lives. The Tribute in Light (also called the annual tribute) was set up at Ground Zero (which is the basal section of the area where the twin towers were present). Another memorial called the New York Memorial was built following the attacks. The Pentagon Memorial was unveiled to the public in 2008, and is constructed exactly where Flight 77 crashed into the wall. The Flight 93 National Memorial honors all those who lost their lives in the Pennsylvania crash.